Reversible four-cycle gasolene-engine.



A. B. BAKER. REVERSIBLE FOUR-CYCLE GASDLENE ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED APR. 26; 1911.

v WITNESSES.- wir Patentefi Apr. 29:,

.A. 3.3mm. v REVERSIBLE F0 UR-GYCLE GASOLENB APPLICATION ITLED APR. 26,

WW A w Maw m w 1 A from/Em A.B. BAKER. REVERSIBLE FOUR-CYCLE GASOLENE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 26, 1911.

Patented. Apr, 29,1913.

3 SHEETS-$113K! 3.

4 W Anon/115w so head, so that if it be. desired to make the cylinderhead removable/or detachable the valves and theentire valize" mechanism will- ARTHUR B. name, on EAST twee, NEW JERS nnvnnsrnrre rounpoyc nn easonnnn-nnernn.

East Orange, county of Essex, and State of New .Jersey,have.invented certain new and useful Improvements in Reversible F our- Cycle Gasolene-Eng-ine's, of which the fol.-

' lowing is a'specification. r

One'of themain'objects of this invention is to provide a. multiple-cylinder, four-cycle enginein which. the exhaust valves of one cylinder will be operated by the suction'pf' T [the piston in an adjacent cylinder on'the 1n-.

take stroke of the said piston.

Another object of the invention is to pro! vide a multiple-cylinder, tour-cycle engine in which both'the. intake and exhaust valves will be operated by thesuction of the pis tons on their intake movementajwhereby all mechanical connections between the crank shaft and the valve mechanism will be avoided.

1 Another. object of the invention is to provide a multiple-cylinder engine wherein the movement of the intake valve of one.cyli n der operates the exhaust valve of an a'd]a cent cylinder.

Another object of the invention is to provide a multiple-cylinder engine with a valve mechanism wholly carried bythe cylinder be removable with the cylinder head.

Anotherobject'of the invention is to provide. in a four-cycle engine means whereby "the intake and-exhaust valves will be con "trolled by the movements of the pistons, and

- wherein there will be-no mechanical-conned tions between" the crank shaft and said valves, whereby the engine will be reversible and the crank shaft rotated in either direction in-start-ing the engine.-

- Other important objects and advantages of the invention will appear hereinafter.

' 1 .In-the drawings, Figure 1 is a vertical,

' inder, as shown in Fig. 2.

longitudinal, sectional view through the en gine, the line of the section passing through all of the valves; Fig. 2 a plan view of the 0 engine; Fig. 3 a horizontal sectional view taken on the line III-TIE of Fig. 4; Fig. 4: is a vertical sectional view't-hrough one cylinder on line IV-IV of Fig. 2; and Fig. 5 'a side elevation of the left-hand end cyl- Referring to the various parts by nu- Specificationof Letters Patent.

' the cylinders 2 and 3 are at t Patented A t.- as, rare.

Application filed April 26, 1911. seria fno. ca'asaa mer'als', 1, 2,3 and-4 designate four cylin ders in each of which reciprocates a' piston 5. The crank shaft 6 is formed withlthe two' end cranks 7+7 and with the center crank 8.' The pistons of cylinders-1 and 4: are connected by pitmen 9 to the crank 7,, I and the pistons of cylinders 2 and 3 are con nected by pitmen-lO 'to' the crank 8. The cranks 7 are precisely alike so thatthe pistons operated thereby move synchronously and as apair; It is manifest that the pistons in the cylinders 2 and 3 also move to- ,getheras a pair so that when th I he limit of their inward stroke the pistons connected to the cranks 7 are at the end of their out 2. and '3 are making their outward stroke.

pistons of 'ward stroke, said pistons making their in- I wardstroke when the pistons, in cylinders Each. cylinder is formed witha compression and ignition-chamber ll and' withan intake valve '12 and an' exhaust valve 13.

These valves are arrangedin suitable openings in the ends of the cylinders. Each intake valve consists of a chambered bushing 14 having a valve seat at' its inner end I V and shouldered to fit against an annular flange 15 at the inner end of the valve receiving .openingin the cylinder end. This chambered bushing is. held in place by ;means of a threaded ring 16'. The valve 12 is carried by a stem 17 centrally supported in the bushing 14 and proyided on its outer end with a hea 18, a compression spring 19 beingiarr'anged between said head and the outer end of the valvebushing, said spring s'ervingto yieldingly hold the valve 12 to its seat. somewhat smaller in diameter than the intake valve and also consists of a chambered bushing'QO heldjinplace by a threaded ring 21 and through which the valve stem 22 exftends. A head23 is secured to the outer end of this stem and between said head and the :bushing is arranged aspring 24 which holds "the exhaust valve to its seat. The heads 18 and 23 on the valve stems l7 and 22 are apertured at 25 to receive valve operating .arms, as will be hereinafter described.

The explosive mixture is admitted through pipe 26 to the branch pipes 27, these latter pipes communicating with the intake passages 28, these latter passages opening into the intake valve chambers. One intake 28 is in communication with the intake valve chambers of cylinders l and 2 the other in;

The exhaust valve 13 is shown clearly in Fig. chambers of cylinders 2 take being in communication with the intake valve chambers of cylinders 3 and 4, a as 3. The exhaust valve and 3 are in communication with an outlet '29 and the exhaust valve chambers of cylinders 1 and'4- r are in communication with outlets 30 ,and

'31, respectively, all of. these outlets. being in communication with a pipe 32. .Each cylinder at its outer end isformed with an annular series of exhaust-ports 33 haust pipe so that the exhaust from the 'md a I Mounted in suitable bearings on'the cylinwhich communicate with an exhaust chamber-34, said chamber being in turn in com'.

munication with anexhaust pipe. The exhaust chambers 34 of cylinders 1 and 2 are both in communication withan exhaust pipe "35' and the exhaust chambers of cylinders 3 and 4' arein communication'with an excyl'ind'ers 1"and' 2 cannot reach cylinders'3 and 4,and likewise the exhaust from Cylin-i ders 3 and 4 cannot reach' cylinders 1 and 2 so'that there will be no possibility of the exhaust from one cylinder igniting the "exder head are rock shafts'37, 38, 39-and 40.. Shaft'37 is provided with two valve operating arms 37 and 37*. Arm 37*. is considerably longer than arm 37 and its free-endoperates in-'the 'aperture25 of the head 18 secured to the stemof the intake valve 12 of; cylinder 1 so that when said valve is 40, stroke of the PlStOIl'tllGIBlIl the exhaust valve of cylinder 3 will'be'open'ed. By readrawn inwardly by the suction of the piston I in said cylinder shaft-37 will be rocked.

Arm-37 engages theaperture 25 in the head 23s'ecured to the stem of the exhaust. valve 13 of cylinder 3' so that when the intake valve of cylinder 1 is opened on the suction son of the arrangement of the cranks on the crank shaft, the piston 5 of cylinder 3 will be at the end of its power stroke'when the piston in cylinder. 1 is beginning its in take or suction stroke. Shaft 38 carries the valve operating arms 38 and 38. Arm 38 is connected to the intake valve of cylinder 'No. 3 and its arm 38 is connected to the exhaust valve of cylinder No. 4, said valves and arms operating 1n the same manner as described with respect to the cylinders No.

1 and 3. Shaft 39 carries the valve operatings arms 39 and 39. Arm 39 is connected to and .operates the intake Valve of cylinder No.4, and arm 39 is CQIIDGCtBdztO and operates the exhaust valve of'cylinder No. 2. Shaft 40 likewise carries valve operating.

arms 40 and 40*. The arm 40 is eonneete to and operates the intake valve of cylinder No. 2 and arm 40 'is connected to and. operates the exhaust valve of cylinder No. 1.

From the foregoing it. is manifest that when the intake. valve of cylinder No.3 is.

pl'osive .mixture in anyone of the other cylbeing operated the "exhaust valve of cylinder No. 4 is likewise operatedyalso that when the intake valveof cylinder No. 4 is opening the exhaust -.valve of cylinder N o. 2 is opening, The intake of cylinder No; 2 operates the exhaust of cylinder No.1. It is manifest that in order to permit the. complete cycle of movements of the pistons in a four-cycle engine and soarrange the valve operating means to secure the. proper valve movements, it is necessary to employ four 1 cylinders, or: multiples of four -cylinders.

As shown inFig. 1 the pistonin cylinder No. 1 is at the end of its power stroke and just beginning its exhaust or'clearing stroke;

piston in cylinder No. '2' is 'just beginning its suction stroke. It is, therefore, manifest that the intake valve in cylinder No. 2 will be open andthat through shaft 40' and its valve operating arms the exhaust port of cylinder No. 1 will be opened.- The piston in cylinder No. 3 is beglnning its power stroke andpis ton in cylinder No. 4 'is be ginning its compression stroke. ,It is, therefore, to be noted that both the intake and ex-' be. closed. In the next cycle ofoperations thefpiston in cylinder No. 4 will begin its power stroke while piston in cylinder No.

2' will begin its compression stroke. The

piston incylinder-No. 1 will begin its s'uction stroke, thereby opening the exhaust valve in cylinder No. 3 while the piston in this latter, cylinder makes its clearing or ex-' haust stroke.-

' By providing the supplemental exhaust through the'ports 33 the pressure in the cylinders is greatly reduced, thereby permit- 7 "haust valves of cylinders Nos. 3 and; willting the operation of the exhaust valves through the suction or intake valves of ad. joining cylinders. The intake valves are considerably larger in diameter than the the connected exhaust valve of an adjacent cylinder.

It is manifest for exhausting the burned gases at both ends of each cylinder a thorough cleaning out of each cylinder is secured.

that by providing means In starting the engine-I find itdesirable 'to first..bring the piston of cylinder No. 1

to the top.or innerendof said cylinder at the beginning of its power stroke. I then lock the intake valve of'sai'd cylinder, and

connected exhaust valve of cylinder No. 3, a

by means of a-lockinglever -41 having a locking dog 42 on its inner end adapted to LettersPatent is:

.the engine is reversible.

fit under and to lockthe. valve operating arm' 37? By this means the said intake valve Wlll be locked against Opening movement. I then give the crank shaft a' onehalf revolution, bringing the piston of cylinder No. 3 to the, end of its compression str0ke, saicl'cylinder No. 3 being then ready for firing. I then release lock a1 from arm 37 and crank the .engine in the'usual manner.. y

From the foregoing it is manifest that I combine in this engine the advantages of both the two-cycle engine and the four-.- cycle engine. The enginemay be'started by rotating the crank shaft in either direction. There are .no mechanical connections between the crank shaft and the valves so that I provide an engine having an exhaust at both ends of each cylinder, therebysecuring a very-complete expulsion of the burned gases-and insuring a complete charge of fresh explosive mixtime. By operating both the intake and ex haust valves by means of the suction of the piston I avoid the use of all valve operating cams and rods. I'have combined the simplicity of a. two-cycleengine with the efiiciency of a fonr-cycleengine.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by 1. An internal combustion engine comprising aplurality of cylinders, a piston for each cylinder, a suction-operated inlet valve for each cylinder, an exhaust valve for each cylinder and 'meansoperatively' connecting theinlet valve of each cylinder with the exhaust valveof another cylinder, whereby when each inlet valve is opened by suction the connected exhaust-valve will be opened. a 2. An inte'rnalcombustion engine comprising a plurality of cylinders, a suction operated inlet valve for each cylinder, an exhaust valve for each cylinder, means opera- 3. A gasolene engine of the four-cycle type I comprising cylinders 1, 2, 3, 4, pistons therein, a crank shaft, means connecting the.pi s

tons to the crank shaft, a suction-operated inlet valve and an exhaust valve for each of said cyllnders, means connecting the exhaust valve of cylinder No. l with the inlet valve of cylinder N o. 3, means connecting the exhaust valve of cylinder No. 3 with the inlet valve of cylinder No. t, means connecting "the exhaust valve of cylinder U0. 4 with the whereby when the inlet valve of one cylinder 1s operated the connected exhaust valve of another cylinder will be operated.

4:- An mternal combustion engine comprising a plurality of cylinders, a piston for each cylinder, a"suction-.0 )erated inlet valve for each cyhnder, an exhaust valve for each cylinder, each of said exhaustvalves being pfsmaller area than the lnlet. valves, and

means operativelyconnecting the inlet valve of one cylinder with the exhaust valve of another cylinder whereby one inlet valve and the connected exhaust valve of another cylinder will be simultaneously opened by the suction on the inlet valve. Y

5. An internal combustion engine comprising a plurality of cylinders, a piston for each cylinder, av suction-operated inlet valve for each cylinder, an exhaustv'alve for each I cylinder, a rock shaft for each two cylinders of the series, an arm carrietl'by said rock shaft and connected to the inlet valve of one cylinder, a second arm on said rock shaft connected to the exhaust. valve of another cylinder, this latter arm being longer than the arm connected to the inlet valve.

6. An internal combustion engine comprising a plurality of cylinders, a piston'for each cylinder, a suction-operated inlet valve for each cylinder, an exhaust valve for eachcylinder, a rock shaft for each two cylinders of the series, an arm carried by said rock shaft and connected to the inlet valve of one cylinder,'a second arm', on said rock shaft connected to the exhaust-valve of another cylinder, this latter arm being longer than the arm connected to-the inletv valve, and

exhaust ports the outer end of the cylinderto permit the burned gases to escape when the cylinder has completed its power stroke; y i i In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

ARTHUR .B. BAKER. W Vitnessesf IVMQRL DAVIS, F. MILLER. i 

